Evaluating the reading and listening outcomes of beginning‐level Duolingo courses

Duolingo is a commercial language-teaching platform that offers free courses on the web and mobile apps. This study reports ACTFL listening reading proficiency levels of adult learners who had completed beginning-level in Spanish or French. The participants (n = 225) were residing United States, little to no prior target language, used as their only learning tool. reached Intermediate Low Novice High listening. No other skills assessed. Their scores comparable with those university students at end fourth semester study. findings suggest can be an effective tool for foreign language learning.